The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm is a widely used cryptographic hash
function that produces a 128-bit (16-byte) hash value. Specified in RFC
1321, MD5 has been employed in a wide variety of security applications,
and is also commonly used to check data integrity. MD5 was designed by
Ron Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function, MD4. An MD5 hash
is typically expressed as a 32-digit hexadecimal number.(Hash functions
map binary strings of an arbitrary length to small binary strings of a
fixed length. A cryptographic hash function has the property that it is
computationally infeasible to find two distinct inputs that hash to the
same value; that is, hashes of two sets of data should match if the
corresponding data also matches. Small changes to the data result in
large, unpredictable changes in the hash).Takes as input a message of
arbitrary length andSuppose a b-bit message as input, andSuppose a b-bit
message as input, and Step 1 – append padded bits: Step 2 – append
length: Initialize MD Buffer.Step 3 cont.
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